什么是假新闻?
假新闻有四大类, according to media professor Melissa Zimdars of Merrimack College.
CATEGORY ONE: Fake, false, or regularly misleading websites that are shared on Facebook and social media. Some of these websites may rely on outrage by using distorted headlines and decontextualized or dubious information in order to generate likes, 社交媒体上的股票和利润.
CATEGORY TWO: Websites that may circulate misleading and/or potentially unreliable information.
类别三: Websites which sometimes use clickbait-y headlines and social media descriptions.
CATEGORY FOUR:讽刺/喜剧网站, which can offer important critical commentary on politics and society, but have the potential to be shared as actual/literal news.
没有单一的主题属于单一的类别. For example, false or misleading medical news may be entirely fabricated (Category One), may intentionally misinterpret facts or misrepresent data (Category Two), may be accurate or partially accurate but use an alarmist title to get your attention (Category Three) or may be a critique on modern medical practice (Category Four). 有些文章属于不止一个类别. It is up to you to do the legwork to make sure your information is good.
你为什么要在意呢??
你应该知道真相. You are smart enough to make up your own mind - as long as you have the real facts in front of you. You have every right to be insulted when you read fake news, because you are in essence being treated like an idiot.
2 .假新闻破坏你的信誉. 如果你的论点建立在错误的信息上, it will be much more difficult for people to believe you in the future.
3: Fake news can hurt you, and a lot of other people. 伪造的数据被用来 将疫苗与自闭症联系起来引发了一场反疫苗运动. A photo 错误识别被指控的犯罪者 of the 2018 Parkland school shooting spread on social media and the internet, leading to a wave of online harassment directed at the individual in the photograph, 谁与枪击无关. These sites are heavily visited and their lies are dangerous.
4 .真实的消息会让你受益. 如果你想买一家公司的股票, you want to read accurate articles about that company so you can invest wisely. 如果你打算在选举中投票, you want to read as much good information on a candidate so you can vote for the person who best represents your ideas and beliefs. Fake news will not help you make money or make the world a better place, but real news can.
Adapted from Fake News (Campus Library, Indiana University East), licensed under a 知识共享署名-非商业性.0国际许可证.
辨别假新闻的技巧
- 阅读标题之外的内容.
Fake news sites often use attention-grabbing headlines. 阅读整个故事.
- Investigate the website or source the story appeared in.
它的使命是什么? 谁是出版商?? 它是一家受人尊敬的新闻媒体吗? 或者是一个个人网站或博客? 注意URL. 有些网站以“com”结尾.co” are actually fake versions of legitimate news sites.
- 检查作者.
在谷歌上搜索一下或者在领英上看看. 作者可信吗?? 他/她的资历是什么?
- 看看资料来源.
Does the article reference outside sources to support its claims? 他们值得信任吗??
- 检查日期.
Does the article take an older story but give it a new headline and pretend it just happened? 点击链接查找实际日期.
- 小心偏见，包括你自己的偏见.
Is the article skewed toward a particular point of view? Are you more likely to believe it simply because it reinforces your own beliefs?
- Do other news sites or outlets report the same story?
如果不是，它可能是假的.
- Is it a joke?
Some sites intentionally publish satirical news articles which are sometimes mistakenly taken as fact.
- 问专家.
Check with a librarian 或者咨询事实核查网站.
非假新闻是什么样子的?
迈克尔Schnudson, 哥伦比亚新闻学院的教授, identifies the following earmarks of journalistic quality:
- 撤回的意愿, correct, and implicitly or explicitly apologize for misstatements in a timely manner.
- Accuracy.
- 对相反证据的兴趣.
- Follow the story regardless of its political implication.
- 保持冷静和陈述性. 没有歇斯底里.
- Present multiple positions or viewpoints within a story if the topic is controversial.
- 尽可能确定你的信息来源.
- Use commonly accepted data and reliable authorities.
- Pursue evidence and leads that run counter to your hunches, passions, 偏好和, 当证据出现的时候, 在你的故事中给予适当的关注.
有关讨论，请参见Michael Schudson. “非假新闻是这样的." 《ope客户端》, 23 Feb. 2017.
想要更多提示吗??
避免假新闻
避免假新闻 by only using sources you know are reputable. Do not rely on social media sites such as Facebook or Twitter. 有信誉的新闻来源包括 美联社 and Reuters.
您还可以搜索OPE电子竞技官网的库 databases which contain articles from thousands of vetted sources.